Robinsharma at its best

By Robin Sharma #1 bestselling author of “The Leader Who Had No Title” Just home from the tour that included stops in Zurich, Stockholm, Kuwait, Moscow, Saudi Arabia and Lisbon. I know I should be in refueling mode but I needed to share these 50 Rules with you. These will remind you that leadership is less about a title and more about a decision… …to work with wonder, achieve with awe, go the extra mile in all you do, innovate like Beethoven composed music, radiate optimism like Mr. Mandela led and pretty much lift up everyone you meet by the gift of your masterful example. Our world demands that of you and I, yes? I guess what I’m suggesting with love and respect is really this… …leadership’s not just for CEOs and Presidents…we ALL can lead. Because leadership’s mostly a mindset and a way of doing things… Taxi drivers can lead and street sweepers can lead and teachers can lead as can managers, artists and salespeople… These 50 Rules are drawn from my over 18 years of passionate work with the Fortune 500 and from The Leader Who Had No Title If you still haven’t read this book that’s been a complete game-changer for so many people and organizations, you can get it here Ok. Let’s go…
#1. To lead is to serve. #2. At the heart of mastery lives consistency. #3. Take care of the relationship and the money will take care of itself. #4. The seduction of safety is always more dangerous than the illusion of uncertainty. #5. To double your income triple your investment in your professional education and your personal development. #6. The swiftest way to grow your company is to grow your people. #7. If you’re not leaving a trail of leaders behind you you’re not leading–you’re following. #8. An addiction to distraction is the end of creative production. #9. The caliber of your practice determines the quality of your performance. #10. Leaders Without Titles are less about ego and more about getting things done. #11. Don’t worry about the economy when you can be so genius at what you do that you create your very own personal economy. #12. Lead where you are planted. Start where you stand. And remember that much of winning is just beginning. #13. The true measure of our leadership is how we perform in volatile conditions versus in times of ease. #14. To lead is to be yourself in a world of clones. I recently re-read one of my favorite business books–Do You, the bestseller by Russell Simmons, the legendary entrepreneur who founded (and sold) Phat Farm clothing and co-founded Def Jam records. He reminds us that to win in business, “do you” by staying true to your vision even when everybody’s laughing… …BIG NEWS…Russell Simmons has just signed on as a member of my faculty for The Titan Summit 2014, joining Sir Richard Branson, Dr. Daniel Amen, Todd Henry, Dr. John Izzo and Dr. James Rouse. All these thought leaders will be in the room with us helping you grow your business and mindset so you become unstoppable… …Watch this short but inspiring video to get one of the remaining seats before they’re gone and you miss this once in a lifetime opportunity. #15. Aim for iconic. Why be in it if you’re not dreaming of being in the history books? But be kind, decent and ethical along the way. #16. The humblest is the greatest. #17. Energy is more valuable than intelligence. Health is more brilliant than gold. #18. The thing you most fear carries your greatest growth. #19. All change is hard at first, messy in the middle and gorgeous at the end. #20. Criticism is the price brave people pay to arrive at iconic. #21. If you’re not lifting people up you’re bringing people down. #22. Leadership has less to do with authority and more to do with a mindset. #23. Where the victim sees a problem a leader sees an opportunity. #24. Don’t wait until you’re successful to work on your optimism. Work on your optimism and you’ll become a lot more successful. #25. Be alone a lot. All massively creative people value solitude. It allows them to protect their dreams from the voices of dissent, refuel their creativity and get far more done–free from distraction. #26. Small daily micro-wins when done continually over time lead to staggering results. #27. Genius has less to do with natural talent and divinely blessed gifts and more to do with relentless focus (to the point of obsession), extreme practice and uncommon grit. #28. Disrupt or be disrupted. #29. Be the most honest person in every room. #30. Remember that people don’t leave companies. They leave the people they worked for. #31. Saying you’ll “try” is expressing “I’m not really committed.” #32. The secret of passion is purpose. As I shared years ago in Leadership Wisdom from The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari, when you know your why, the hows just start showing up. #33. If you’re the smartest person you know it’s time to know new people. #34. Outlearning everyone around you is a game-changer. The best love learning. Because once you know more you can achieve more. #35. To make more money, help more people. #36. Leaders Without Titles talk about ideas versus people and dreams versus others. #37. Eat less food, get more done. #38. The way you begin your day determines how you live it. So put mind over mattress. Win the battle of the bed. And join The 5 am Club (another total game-changer). #39. Develop an obsessive attention to detail. World-class user experiences are all about winning at the small stuff everyone else doesn’t care about. #40. Even if you clean toilets, do it with pride and love. This summer I met a man who cleans toilets at the Johannesburg airport. He beamed “welcome to my office” as I entered. The place was flawless. His passion was palpable. That man is my hero. And he reminded me that all work has dignity and honor. #41. Leaders Without Titles are in the business of making people feel bigger versus smaller. And smarter versus less knowledgeable. And seeing gifts and talents they’ve never seen before. #42. Lean into your fears. Commit to what frightens you. Life’s way to short to play small. #43. The secret to genius is doing less. Developing a monomaniacal focus on being brilliant at one thing is the the key to mastery. You’re smart so you know that the person who tries to get great at many things ends up mediocre at all of them, no? #44. The moment you think you’re a virtuoso you’ve lost your virtuosity. The best always think like a beginner. And they know that nothing fails like success. #45. Be decent and kind and loving. At the end you’ll have wished you were. #46. Never lose the sparkle in your eyes and your sense of wonder about the things most people take for granted. Leadership, business and life is awesome. Don’t miss the simple rewards of standing for world-class. [Note: there are two types of income...external (money and title) and internal (pride on doing great work and pursuing mastery). The ordinary chase the first. The exceptional want the last]. #47. Remember that the things that get scheduled are the things that get done. #48. Say please and thank you. #49. Practice gratitude daily. To lead is to see the blessings each day brings. You’ll also release dopamine–the neurotransmitter of motivation–which will kickstart your performance. The value of being grateful reminds me of the Persian proverb: “I cursed the fact that I had no shoes….until I saw the man who had no feet.” #50. Do your part. Be the leader you wish the people around you would be. As Mother Teresa said: “If each of us would sweep our own doorstep, the whole world would be clean.” Now, please go lead…. With every great wish for your rise to iconic… - See more at: http://www.robinsharma.com/blog/10/50-rules-to-lead-the-field/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+robinsharma%2FYlRc+%28Robin+Sharma%27s+Blog%29#sthash.9FVauXBJ.dpuf

Glued to my phone ....a tragedy

Check out @Powerful_Pics's Tweet: https://twitter.com/Powerful_Pics/status/484718200522018816

Disciple and master in 25th century

It's a little difficult to understand. Things of the heart are always difficult to understand. There are a few disciples who are, day in, day out, in a deep harmony with me. There is no gap. In fact, only they deserve to be called friends.Here I would like to say something which I have been keeping a secret my whole life:One beautiful morning, Gautam Buddha had gone for a walk with his caretaker, disciple, Ananda. It was fall time; the trees were getting almost naked and all the leaves were on the path. The wind was fluttering the trees, and the leaves were making beautiful sounds. Walking on those leaves, Buddha was immensely happy... the music of the dry leaves.He took a few leaves in his hand. Ananda asked him, "Bhagwan, I have always been thinking to ask one thing, but privacy is so difficult. You are always surrounded by people. Today you are alone in this forest, and I cannot resist the temptation. I want to ask you: Have you said everything to us, or have you kept some secrets? Buddha said, "Do you see the leaves in my hand? And do you see the leaves all over the forest?" Ananda said, "Yes, I do see, but I don't understand that that is the answer." Buddha said, "You will understand. I have said only this much, and I have kept secret all these leaves that are in the whole forest."My situation is just different. I have said the whole forest; only one thing I have kept secret, just one leaf. Buddha declared before his death that he would be coming again after twenty-five centuries, and that his name would be Maitreya. Maitreya means the friend. Buddhas don't come back; no enlightened person ever comes back, so it is just a way of saying....What he was saying is of tremendous importance. It has nothing to do with his coming back; he cannot come back. What he meant was that the ancient relationship between the Master and the disciple would become irrelevant in twenty-five centuries. It was his clarity of perception -- he was not predicting anything -- just his clarity to see that as things are changing, as they have changed in the past and as they go on changing, it would take at least twenty-five centuries for the Master and disciple relationship to become out of date.

Then the enlightened Master will be only the friend .I had always wanted not to be a Master to anybody. But people want a Master, they want to be disciples; hence, I played the role. It is time that I should say to you that now many of you are ready to accept me as the friend. Those who are in tune with me continuously, without any break, are the only real friends.There are people who are sometimes in tune with me and sometimes not in tune with me. You are asking why it happens. The reason is -- perhaps you may be surprised to know -- sometimes they are in tune with me because I am in tune with them, because whatever I am saying is in accordance with them. They feel, "This is perfectly right." They are not in tune with me. On the contrary, they feel they are in tune with me only because I am fulfilling some of their ideas, some of their expectations. That is illusion.Once you are really in tune with me, you cannot fall out of it. But if somebody falls out of it, that simply means that I have said something, I have done something, which is not in accordance with you. You remain the judge. You have not dropped judgment. Your ego is still there.I used to go for a walk every day with one of my professors. One day when we were coming back, another professor met us on the way. He was going for a walk; we were returning. He knew me but he did not know my professor. My professor was very new, he had just joined the department two, three days before. So he asked me, "Do you come here every day?" I said, "Yes, I come every day. And for three days my professor has also been coming with me." My professor looked annoyed. I asked him, "What is the matter? You look angry." He said, "Certainly. You come with me, and you said that I come with you." I said, "That's really right. How can a professor come with a student? It is always the student who comes with the professor. So forgive me. But this simply shows that you are an idiot; and from tomorrow you are not going to come with me."People are strange. I had been there for two years. He had been there only for three days, but he wanted to hear that I was coming with him. Just the ego wants fulfillment everywhere. So it happens that when you feel that I am saying something which fulfills your expectations, you are with me, your heart is beating with me, you are in tune with me. No. Please forgive me for being straightforward -- only I am with you. Soon something happens -- I say something, I do something -- and your heart is no longer beating with me.So remember one thing: when you are with me, then it is a continuum, without any gap. What I say, what I do, does not matter, because you are not a judge. You love me the way I am. I don't judge you. I love you the way you are. And if it changes, then remember it is a judgment, and rather than going with me, you are trying to drag me with you. And that is not very loving.I can come with you, but you are in darkness and you will lead me in darkness. I have no trouble in coming with you. You cannot destroy my light; I can destroy your darkness.I cannot lose anything by coming with you. You will have to lose many things by coming with me. And when you love someone, you are ready to lose anything, everything, even yourself. The moment you are ready to lose yourself, the friendship is complete. And then there is great beauty.It is exactly twenty-five centuries after Buddha's death that I am changing the name of the Foundation so that it becomes Rajneesh Friends International. It is not only just a change of the name. It is going to change the very flavor of our whole movement. And you have to rise up so that what I want the movement to become, it becomes. So that the dream is realized.Don't let me down. Okay?

Important Topo terms

Revision -Important Toposheet definitions

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS FROM TOPO MAPSREPRESENTATIVE FRACTION (RF): It is the ratio between the distances on the map to its corresponding distance on actual ground. The RF on this map is 1:50,000. 
2. SCALE : Scale is the ratio between the distance of any two points on the map and the actual distance of the same points on the ground.The scale of the given map extract is 2 cm: 1 km or 1:50,000.
3. CONTOUR: Contours are imaginary lines drawn on maps, joining all places with the same height above sea level. 
4. CONTOUR INTERVAL: The interval between two consecutive contours is called contour interval (*it is a constant 20 mts in your toposheets.) 
5. INDEX CONTOUR: Contour lines are thickened at regular intervals to make it easier to read contours. For example at every 100 mts the contour line is made darker. The darker lines are called Index Contours.
 6. TRIANGULATED HEIGHT: It is the height of a place which has been calculated using trigonometry, represented by a small triangle e.g. - 540 
7. SPOT HEIGHT: The height of random places between contours shown with a dot. Eg - .425 
8. BENCH MARK - Height of a place actually marked on a stone pillar, rock or shown on a building as a permanent reference. It is written as BM 200 m. 9. RELATIVE HEIGHT: Relative height is the height of a feature with reference to the height of the surrounding land and NOT to sea level.It is represented by the height with a small ‘r’ eg –12r.
10. ROCK OUTCROP: It is a portion of rock jutting above the surface of the earth. 
11. SHEET ROCK: Large areas of rock where the overlying soil layers have been eroded and removed due to mechanical weathering.
 9 STONY WASTE : A large area usually in arid/semi arid regions where the finer sand/soil has blown away leaving a surface covered with boulders, stones and pebbles. 
10. BROKEN GROUND: A relief feature found mostly in dry regions around rivers and streams. It is land around river, which is totallyweathered (exfoliated) due to alternate cooling and heating. 
11. FIRELINE: A cleared pathway in a forest to prevent the spread of forest fires.
12. MIXED FOREST: A forest with more than two varieties of trees growing in close proximity to each other. 
13. OPEN JUNGLE: A forest where trees are widely scattered. 
14. DENSE JUNGLE. : A forest where trees grow very close to each other. 15. OPEN SCRUB: Scrub is a vegetation found in regions with less than100 cms of rainfall. Therefore it indicates a dry region.
 16. BRACKISH: It is a well, which has water with very high salt content – generally unfit for drinking purposes. 
17. CAUSEWAY: It is a raised road over a small water body. (Usually a road used only in the non rainy months.} 
18. CUTTING: A portion of land, which has been cut in order to make land available for transport routes. (it is indicative of a rocky region) 
19. EMBANKMENT: They are raised rock or soil filled constructions on which roads/railway tracks are built. Also made near tanks and rivers to prevent flooding.
20. FORM LINES: Form lines are contour lines, but show only approximate heights above sea level as they are used to indicate the elevations of the area which are not accessible for proper survey. Hence they are drawn as broken lines and are called 'form lines'.
21. Q.C. Q.D., OC, OD,PQ, ETC : These are alphabetical codes used to represent the biggest grid sq. of 10,000 square kms.The Govt of India has adopted metric system for all measurements. All the ordnace survey maps issued by the Survey of India were drawn to the scale 2 cm = 1 km. In this system , the surveyed territory is divided into 100km X 100 km squares, and each square is denoted by English alphabets. for example, OC, OD, PQ, PG, etc . This system of map drawing is known as National Grid Reference.

22. LAYER TINTING: (colouring)While spot heights show the height of the land, they only do so at certain points. To provide an overall image which conveyed height, a technique called layer tinting was developed. Layer tinting uses different colours (or shades) to represent different heights. It is a mapping convention for darker colours to signify greater height. When using layer tinting, green is often used for low land, yellow for higher land and brown for the highest land.Layer tinting is most commonly found on physical maps. While layer tinting is useful, it does not show the detailed shape of the land.
23. DEP: It is a depression often found in sandy areas where the wind, having blown away the sand, leaves a hollow or a depression
24. HACHURING: Early cartographers attempted to show surface features on maps by using the technique of hachuring. Hachures use short lines of varying thickness to show the shape and slope of the land. In accordance with this technique, the steeper the slope is, the thicker the lines are which represent it. While hachuring was initially innovative for its time, it gradually began to be replaced since the actual height of the land was not depicted.
25. LIME KILN OR BRICK KILN: These are open furnaces where limestone is purified or bricks are baked for construction purpose.

26. HILL SHADING: Hill shading resembles a light and shadow effect. Valleys and the sides of mountains appear as though they are cast in shadow. This is a visually striking method, which is ideal for providing an overall view of the relief of an area. Hill shading, however, does not show height which means that it is no more accurate than hachuring.

LEARN THEM BY HEART - ALL THE BEST !!!

Topo 3

Let us look at this toposheet. Double click on this toposheet. You will see the enlarged topomap. Let us look at the Northern part of the toposheeet- see various features. Can you see QC,- What is it?According to the international system of location of a place the whole world has been divided into various squares. It starts frm the place where the equator and prime meridian meet and is named UA. Under the same fashion the whole world has been divided.......................... Thus the square is named QC.QC means that there is end of numbering of northing or easting i.e 0-99 on a toposheet it is written after every 100km. Here it is the end of northings.Look at the town Panthawada- It has a police station (PS), Post Office (PO), well connected roads. a temple, perennial wells, etc.Now let us to to the north-east of the map. What do you see over there? -OPEN SCRUB- What does it mean? It indicates desert or semidesert condition. The occupation in this area would be sheep or goat rearing.You will also see Lime Kiln- It is a furnace for baking limestone.Its presence shows the trade possibilities and the people working in it.Let us study 6 figure grid reference. Look at the triangulated height of 224. Let us first find out four figure grid reference. Let us see the eastings first. We locate it in easting 82. Let us see the northings. It is in northing 94. So four figure grid reference of the triangulated height is 8294. Now how do you find four figure grid refernce. We have already found out the four figure grid refernce. (8294) Let us divide that square (8294) into 10 equal squares as it is I have done in the toposheet. Look at it closely. For every 2 cms, you mark one square. So you will have 10 equal squares. For 6 figure grid reference, first 3 figures are of eastings and the second part of the 6 figure reference is of northings. We have already know easting is 82. Let us now find out the third figure from those small squares. Its in first square. So first three figures are 821 and the second part is 941. So six figure grid reference is 821941 or 822941. Did you get it? I hope so anyway.Can you see the broken ground? (I have marked in the toposheet) What is a broken ground? They are generally found along the banks of a river. Broken ground is caused by erosion during rain when the river is in flood. It usually happens in the area devoid of vegetation.

Topo chap 2

Chapter 2-Profiles Of Survey Maps 45/D7 and 45/D10

PROFILE OF SURVEY MAP 45 D/7DESCRIPTION of the Area covered by Survey Sheet No. 45 D/7 (Gujarat and Rajasthan)District : Banas Kantha and SirohiLocation: Latitude 24 degree 15’ – 240 30’ NorthLongitude 720 15’ - 720 30’ EastThis region lies in western India on the borders of Rajasthan and Gujarat at the southern end of the Aravalli Hills, immediately north-east of Sheet 45 D/10.RELIEF : The area is mainly a plain except for:1. The east central region where the hills rise to almost 500 m.,2. The lower hills of the north-east corner.The slope of the land is from north-east to south-west in the northern half and east to west in the southern portion of the map. (indicated by flow of rivers)DRAINAGE1. The Banas river (not to be confused with the Banas river which is a tributary of the Chambal river to the north) flows into the swampland area of the Little Rann, north-east of the Gulf of Kutch. On this survey sheet it flows westward. It has two main right bank tributaries – Sarod and Arado Nadis and the numerous smaller streams like the one entering the river near Chekla (8192). The only left bank tributary is the Balaram Nadi from the south-east. The Banas river varies in width from 1/4km to over 1 km and has a narrow perennial water course. The dry portion fills in during the rainy seas.2. The Sipu Nadi is a tributary of the Banas river (the confluence) lying to the west of the area shown. It flows from north-east to south-west withits two main tributaries –Varka and Mahadeviyao Nadis joining the left bank. Both rise in the hilly region to the east.In the region there are numerous other streams that join main rivers. They rise in the higher ground adjacent to the rivers and invariably their courses show large tracts of broken ground indicating soft soil easily eroded by water.SOILS: Map symbols indicate desert conditions, a large part of the plain area being sandy. Soils are soft as shown by excessive erosion causing broken ground near water courses.CLIM ATE: There are three climatic seasons:Summer hot and dry March to JuneMonsoon hot and wet July to SeptemberWinter cool and dry October to FebruaryMaximum temperatures in summer are extremely high rising to over 470 C, while minimum temperatures in December/Jan often drops to almost 0 degree C. Because of its location in western India, it receives comparatively less rainfall than other parts of the country. The rainfall which is between 50 to 100 cm annually, falls during the monsoon season. High temperatures cause excessive evaporation. This gives rise to scrub and semi-desert vegetation.NATURAL VEGETATION : Hill areas – dry deciduous forests of small treesPlains – scrub and throny trees where there is no agriculture.IRRIGATION: This region is dependent on the periodic rainfall (Monsoon), tanks, wells foragriculture. There is only one canal in the north-east starting from the reservoir (2222) OCCUPATIONS: Agriculture, rearing of cattle, sheep, camels and horses.CROPS: Winter (Rabi) – Wheat, Barley, CottonMonsoons (Kharif) – Bajra, Jowar, MaizeCOMMUNICATIONS: Except for the main line of the Western Railway and the road that runs across the south-east corner of the map through Chitrasani (8923), there are no other important communications. All other settlements are linked by cart tracks.SETTLEMENTS: Except for Chitrasani which is a rail/road centre, all the settlements are small and widely scattered chiefly in the lowland area and are either nucleated or dispersed in pattern.PROFILE OF SURVEY MAP 45 D/10DESCRIPTION of the Area covered by Survey Sheet No. 45 D/10 (Gujarat and Rajasthan)District : Banas Kantha and SirohiLocation: Latitude 24 degree 30’ – 240 45’ NorthLongitude 720 30’ - 720 45’ EastThis region lies in western India on the borders of Rajasthan and Gujarat at the southern end of the Aravalli Hills, immediately north-east of Sheet 45 D/7.RELIEF : The sheet is divided into two distinct physical divisions:1. The Aravalli Hills rising to a height of over 1400 meters and occupying the south-east corner. The ranges are more or less parallel and run in a NE to SW directon.2. A large plain covers the remaining portion of the sheet. There are frequent outcrops of rocky ground, some of it rising to over 400 m (i.e. 100 m above the surrounding country side.)DRAINAGE: In the hill area, the drainage is radial. Abu being the highest point of the area is the centre from which the rivers radiate. In the plains, the upper courses of the rivers are dendritic or fan shaped. The main stream Sipu Nadi rises in the hills north of Abu and flows in a south-west direction. It is periodic and seldom exceeds ½ km in width.TRIBUTARIES: Right bank : Sukli Nadi, Unda Wala, Dior Nadi,Left bank: Sukli Nadi, unnamed river flowing past Dhavli, Devengan Nadi and Godua NadiNOTE:1. There are three Sukli Nadis in the survey sheet.2. Because this regions lies close to the desert areas where the soils tend to break up easily, the water courses are numerous and well defined for they are able to cut channels in the soft sandy soils. They are however periodic and rely on the rainy season for the water supply.CLIM ATE: There are three climatic seasons:Summer hot and dry March to JuneMonsoon hot and wet July to SeptemberWinter cool and dry October to FebruaryMaximum temperatures in summer are extremely high rising to over 470 C, while minimum temperatures in December/Jan often drops to almost 0 degree C. Because of its location in western India, it receives comparatively less rainfall than other parts of the country. The rainfall which is between 50 to 100 cm annually, falls during the monsoon season. High temperatures cause excessive evaporation. This gives rise to scrub and semi-desert vegetation.NATURAL VEGETATION : Hill areas – dry deciduous forests of small treesPlains – scrub and throny trees where there is no agriculture.IRRIGATION: This region is dependent on the periodic rainfall (Monsoon), tanks, wells foragriculture. There is only one canal in the north-east starting from the reservoir (2222)OCCUPATIONS: Agriculture, rearing of cattle, sheep, camels and horses.CROPS: Winter (Rabi) – Wheat, Barley, CottonMonsoons (Kharif) – Bajra, Jowar, MaizeCOMMUNICATIONS: Abu, in the hill area, is linked eastwards by two main roads, which run south-east to Abu Road and north-east to Oriya. In the south of this region the east-west main road links up at Karaunti (0700) with another main road which runs parallel to the foot-hills and connects a number of settlemtns. Many of the smaller settlements are linked by cart tracks.SETTLEMENTS: Abu is a large hill resort, an administrative and an educational centre. In the plains, there are numerous settlements of much smaller size of which Sirori (2023) is the most important.

Topo interpretation skills

Hello,See the features of this toposheet. Divide the toposheet into 4 quarters. Study the each quarter. For example North west corner (A), North East Corner (B), South West Corner(c) and South East Corner (D). For example what features do you see in the A Corner???First of all, you see river Sipu, a few nucleated settlements, yellow wash, open scrub, little bit of green forest on top of A corner, we can see some spot heights too. Can you see a cart track (red line)? We can also see perennial wells (blue). Did you spot stony waste (8596)? In the same way, go through the B corner and C corner and D corner. Make a mental picture of the toposheet with prominent symbols. After having a quick glance of thetoposheet, read the questions that are asked. You have 15 minutes to read the question paper. First read the other questions and then come to the toposheet which requires more time to read. Keep a pencil ready to mark few features.For the bigger view of the toposheet, click on top of the picture.Can you see R.F.? You can see at the bottom right. R.F. is 1:50,000. I have already explained to you how to write R.F. in the earlier lesson.can you see the scale? You can see almost near the R.F. The scale is 2cm to 1 km. It means 2cm on the map is equal to the 1km on the ground. Good, i suppose u understood.What's the contour interval of the toposheet? Check the contour interval near the scale. Contour interval of this toposheet is 20 metres.(usually it is 20 metres)What else can you see? Ok, let's do the direction which i have explained to you earlier. Find out what is the directionof Rajkot lie from Gangudra? First of all, Rajkot is in grid square 8995 and gangudra is in grid square 8793. Imagine you are in Gangudra and you want to go to Rajkot from Gangudra? First of all, you hv to go up which is north and then you have to turn right, which is east direction.Therefore the comapass direction is north-east from Gangudra. Do you follow?Where do you find the lowest part in the toposheet? The south west corner is the lowest part in the map. because two rivers flow towards south west whichis an indication of the slope. check the spot heights in the map. they are decreasing towards south west. Identify some spotheights in the map.See the settlements on the map: What type of settlement do you find? Ofcourse, nuclear/compact/clustered. If you didnt understand, read the text book on settlements and come back to the blog.What kind of rainfal this area gets? check the rivers-we can see broad sandy bed exposed, a thin water channel, (in blue) several cart tracks, and a pack track. This shows that the area gets seasonal rainfall.Now let us see the occupation. Study the toposheet closely. I had told you about the occupations. Go through it again. Let us study the occupation of Bhadli (Jhat) - grid square 8596. What do you notice there? click the toposheet and check. its is A CORNER. There is a river, perennial wells (Blue dots), yellow patch(which means agriculture) and stony waste. Can you see them? From this we know that the occupation of the people of that area is cultivation and stone cutting or extraction of limestone. This is indicated by the presence of agricultural land ( in yellow colour), perennial wells and the presence of lime kilns.It is a clustered settlement too.Can you see the irrigation facilities or source of water? We can see the river which has narrow blue line which means it is perennial even though the river is seasonal. Then we also can see the perennial wells. So two perennial source of water is the River waters and well irrigation.Let's study man made features - we can see few temples in the toposheets and permanent huts. I couldn't see any post office. As I have told you, my eyes are not very sharp. In the exam, they will ask one or two man-made features. So the man-made features are temples and permanent huts.Now let's study the natural features - We can see rivers, trees, islands in the middle of the river, jungles, mines, pack tracks, cart tracks, lined wells, etc. You can see all these in this map. So, you select any two. The natural feature is river and forest. Sometime they will give a grid square and ask to you to mention one man-made feature and one natural feature. Go and locate that grid square and follow the points that I have told you.Let us see the drainage pattern on the map. See the area around the town Gangudra.(Grid square 8793) See the drainage pattern around the area-dont see only in the grid square 8793. Go beyond that. The river or drainage pattern is Rectangular or Trellised. Can you see the shape of the river? Thin lines that join the main river. Read the text book regarding the drainage pattern (if you have not understood) There are three drainage patterns - Dendritic(Tree like or veins of a leaf) Trellis/Rectangle and Radial.Let us study the river bed of Sipu- In what two ways does the river bed of Sipu convey that it flows through a region of seasonal rainfall? We did go through that earlier. Study the river. It has a broad sandy riverbed which is exposed. If you dont understand the sandy river bed, go to the text book and looks for the symbos of sandy bed. You will see it in my blog too. It also has a thin water channel in the middle of the river. We also see many cart and pack tracks passing the river. Therefore, the river doesn't have much water in the summer season and so the river dries up. Do you follow me? Since the river is dry, you see the sandy beds and cart and pack tracks passing the river. So the people can cross the river during summer. Therefore it is a seasonal river.(it means the river gets water only in the rainy season).What are the conventional sighs near north east part of the toposheet near open mixed jungle? - check corner B - We find broken ground there. So what is broken land? Broken land gives rise to Bad land topography. These are generally found along the banks of a river. Broken ground is caused due to erosion during rain when the river is in flood. It usually heappens in the area where there is no vegetation/plants.Some time a question comes on the comparision of two settlements. Now let us study the village Jigol (grid square 8590) and other villages. Jigol is better off than other settlements. It has good transport system in comparision with other villages. We can see many cart tracks leading into the village. Plus it has many lined wells for irrigation purposes.In which quarter of the map extract do you find the lowest area to be? Divide the whole toposheet into 4 corners. We have done that in the beginning. Look for the spot heights in the toposheet. if you study the heights, you will find south west qurater of the map are decreasing towards the south west. See also the river flowing. They flow towards the south west. So the south-west corner of the map exatract is the lowest region.Hope you know how to find grid squares - 4 figure or 6 figure/digit grid reference. Find four digit grid square is easy but the problem begins when you have to find 6-digit grid reference. When you are asked to locate the 6-digit reference, rememeber these points. First find the square. Ok, let us locate a place using 6-figure grid reference of a temple in the north east of Odhava. Ok, let us see the 4-figure grid reference. It is in the grid square 8992. This is four figure grid reference. now we need 6-figure grid reference. After locating 4-figure grid reference, divide that square into 4 equal parts. First take a ruler and place it on the horizontal line of that grid square(. get the mid point. Then place the ruler on the vertical line and find the mid point and join these mid points. then u get the mid point of easting and northings. then u locate the spot in the grid square and if the spot is beoynd the mid point, then it wil be above 5. You can find the exact 6 figure grid reference by dividing grid squares into 10 blocks. Hold the scale vertical and horizontal on that grid square and join them. Now u get 10 X 10 equal squares. NOw you see where is the spot and give the grid reference.894925